Introduction, Mission & Use Cases

A brief introduction into the objectives and key use cases for the Circular Protocol.

What is Circular?

Circular is a 4th Generation layer 1 blockchain designed to address the typical limitation of the previous generations L1s and to support healthcare, DeFi and GameFi applications.

Revolutionising Healthcare: Pioneering Data Auditing Solutions for Medical Records and Clinical Trials

This project was conceived with the aim of finding data auditing technologies suitable for medical records and clinical trials. In 2024, a significant portion of the global population still lacks access to quality medical services and products, with healthcare in economically disadvantaged countries being even more precarious.

Instances of medical malpractice affecting patients and consumers are alarmingly common, and often there are inadequate legal mechanisms to safeguard them from healthcare-related malpractice. In cases where a physician's error leads to harm, only a minority of patients receive compensation to cover their losses. While medical professionals and their institutions are typically covered by insurance, there is no mechanism to address the tarnishing of their reputation due to errors.

Consequently, some healthcare providers resort to concealing their mistakes. They possess control over patient data and system logs, which means patient records can be manipulated or tampered with when necessary. A similar scenario exists for pharmaceutical companies. If a vaccine is released and individuals are harmed, prior to any investigation, companies can manipulate their data to shield or mitigate their liabilities and responsibilities.

This raises important questions:

"Would you be willing to pay a small fee for a certified, tamper-proof medical record?"

"Would you feel safer receiving vaccinations or taking medication if clinical data were certified and transparent?"

If your answer is "yes," then this project offers a way to contribute to a better world. Blockchains are valuable tools for enhancing transparency and safety in healthcare when used appropriately.

However, it is crucial to understand that the healthcare industry cannot solely rely on public blockchains. Therefore, to provide a blockchain infrastructure for the healthcare industry, we must accommodate not only public but also private blockchains. The rationale for this assertion extends beyond privacy concerns.

While technologies like Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) can ensure data privacy, the issue partly lies in the legal and temporal persistence of data. For instance, if a medical practice opens today and later closes its doors, the data must be retained for a certain period but should also be purged at a specified point in time.

On a public blockchain, data may outlast its utility, leading to prolonged liabilities associated with that data. In technical terms, a blockchain infrastructure must incorporate features that ensure compliance with diverse regulations in various countries, such as GDPR and HIPAA. Consequently, the ideal infrastructure should be purposefully designed to meet the specific requirements of the healthcare industry (Decentralized MedTech). However, this does not preclude the possibility of using the same infrastructure for other industries, such as DeFi and GameFi.

At Circular, we have designed and will continue to innovate upon a 4th generation Layer 1 blockchain. Our design is inherently tailored to fulfill the majority of the regulatory requirements within the healthcare industry and can easily adapt to unmet needs with minimal development effort. Furthermore, we are implementing features that support adoption in other industries, including DeFi and GameFi, which we believe will be crucial in the near future. As a 4th generation Layer 1 blockchain, we are committed to simplifying the user and developer experience.

Circular: Empowering Equality and Decentralization in Our User-Centric Ecosystem"

Our name, "Circular," reflects our belief in a paradigm where every user operates on an equal footing, and we are dedicated to enhancing and refining this network for the community we serve and belong to. We hold decentralization as an uncompromising value that must be upheld and maximized for the benefit of the user community. While this project includes a cryptocurrency element, it is not its primary focus; instead, it serves as a means to facilitate transactions and vote on ways to improve the ecosystem.

We do not have all the answers and are here to create something positive, learning and growing together with your support, contributions, recommendations, and critiques. If you seek a purely crypto-focused project, this may not be the right fit for you. Our focus is on building a collective future, where the crypto component is just one piece of a larger puzzle.

Moving forward, the rest of this whitepaper will delve into more technical details, and we have strived to strike a balance to ensure it remains comprehensible to readers with varying backgrounds.

It is essential to emphasize that this is not a mere project in development; it is a fully established Layer 1 protocol, with current and future developments aimed at maintaining, improving, innovating, and delivering a best-in-class solution for Web3. Blockchain technology has evolved significantly since the inception of Bitcoin, giving rise to thousands of projects exploring various aspects of token transactions and innovative paradigms.

Smarter Smart Contracts

One of the most notable advancements in blockchain is the emergence of Smart Contracts, which are self-executing pieces of code executed by network nodes. Smart Contracts have enabled the development of Decentralized Applications (DApps), marking a significant shift in the role of blockchains. With Smart Contracts, blockchains have transformed from simple decentralized ledgers into decentralized processing systems capable of running applications. This shift empowers users to harness the benefits of decentralization within these applications.

However, the introduction of Smart Contracts has underscored the need for higher throughput, especially when executing complex transactions and Smart Contract code.

This demand has led to a race to increase throughput and address scalability issues that have long plagued traditional Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanisms. Additionally, the extended finalization time of first-generation blockchains, coupled with environmental sustainability concerns, has prompted many projects to transition to Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms.

PoS relies on participants staking a certain amount of coins as collateral, which can be forfeited if a node behaves inappropriately. While PoS offers benefits in terms of scalability, it comes at a cost. It introduces financial centralization, as only those who can afford to stake a significant number of coins can validate transactions.

Additionally, PoS is perceived as less secure compared to PoW, as the "work" in PoW ensures the difficulty of tampering with blockchain data. The objective of this project is to introduce a novel blockchain paradigm that addresses ongoing challenges and provides a sustainable solution and roadmap for building an inclusive, scalable, secure, genuinely decentralized, and high-performing blockchain ecosystem for the Web 3.0 community.

Sustainable Mining

To achieve this goal, we prioritize sustainable mining practices, increase the number of validators, and implement a reputation-based system to enhance security. Our aim is to create a blockchain ecosystem that benefits all users, regardless of their financial resources or technical expertise. Our team is currently focused on implementing the remaining components and strengthening our workforce to better support the project and advance along our roadmap.

We understand the importance of establishing a robust and reliable infrastructure capable of meeting the diverse needs of our user base. As a result, we are committed to investing in the ongoing development of Circular, ensuring that our ecosystem remains at the forefront of the blockchain industry. We eagerly anticipate sharing further updates as we make continued progress toward our vision of creating a sustainable, scalable, and decentralized blockchain ecosystem.